MC1R

melanocortin 1 receptor

This intronless gene encodes the receptor protein for melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). The encoded protein, a seven pass transmembrane G protein coupled receptor, controls melanogenesis. Two types of melanin exist: red pheomelanin and black eumelanin. Gene mutations that lead to a loss in function are associated with increased pheomelanin production, which leads to lighter skin and hair color. Eumelanin is photoprotective but pheomelanin may contribute to UV-induced skin damage by generating free radicals upon UV radiation. Binding of MSH to its receptor activates the receptor and stimulates eumelanin synthesis. This receptor is a major determining factor in sun sensitivity and is a genetic risk factor for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Over 30 variant alleles have been identified which correlate with skin and hair color, providing evidence that this gene is an important component in determining normal human pigment variation.

provided by RefSeq

Biological Domains

DNA Repair, Epigenetic, Immune Response, Proteostasis

Pharos Class

Tclin

Also known as

ENSG00000258839 (Ensembl Release 115)

UNIPROTKB Q01726

CMM5, MSH-R, SHEP2

Summary of Evidence

This tab shows an overview of how the selected gene is associated with AD.

  • Genetic Association with LOAD

    Indicates whether or not this gene shows significant genetic association with Late Onset AD (LOAD) based on evidence from multiple studies compiled by the ADSP Gene Verification Committee
    False

  • Brain eQTL

    Indicates whether or not this gene locus has a significant expression Quantitative Trait Locus (eQTL) based on an AMP-AD consortium study
    True

  • RNA Expression Change in AD Brain

    Indicates whether or not this gene shows significant differential expression in at least one brain region based on AMP-AD consortium work. See ‘EVIDENCE’ tab.
    True

  • Protein Expression Change in AD Brain

    Indicates whether or not this gene shows significant differential protein expression in at least one brain region based on AMP-AD consortium work. See ‘EVIDENCE’ tab.
    No data

  • Nominated Target

    Indicates whether or not this gene has been submitted as a nominated target to Agora.
    False

AD Risk Scores

About AD Risk Scores

The TREAT-AD Center at Emory-Sage-SGC has developed a Target Risk Score (TRS) to objectively rank the potential involvement of specific genes in AD. The TRS is derived by summing two component risk scores, the Genetic Risk Score and the Multi-omic Risk Score, each of which is derived from a meta-analysis of multiple harmonized data sets. More information about the methodology used to define these risk scores is available here.

AD Risk Scores for MC1R

The TRS for MC1R, along with the component Genetic and Multi-omic Risk Scores, is shown here. The scores for MC1R are superimposed on the genome-wide score distributions. If No Data is Currently Available is displayed for a score, that score was not calculated for MC1R.

Biological Domain Classification

About Biological Domains

A biological domain represents a standardized area of biology defined by a set of discrete, biologically coherent GO terms. The TREAT-AD Center at Emory-Sage-SGC has defined nineteen biological domains associated with AD, and objectively mapped genes to those biological domains using GO term annotations. More information about the methodology used to define AD biological domains, and to generate genome-wide biological domain mappings, is available here.

Biological Domains for MC1R

Select a biological domain on the left to see the list of GO terms that link MC1R to it on the right. The percentage value displayed next to the currently selected biological domain indicates the proportion of MC1R's total unique GO terms that map to the biological domain. The ratio displayed on the right indicates how many of the biological domain's total GO terms MC1R is annotated with.